AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO RISK CLASSIFICATION OF RETAIL ENTERPRISES BASED ON THE VALUE CHAIN

Abstract

The article substantiates the theoretical and methodological foundations for the classification of trade enterprise risks based on the process approach and M. Porter’s value chain concept. It is emphasized that the modern business environment is characterized by a high level of uncertainty, volatility, and interdependence of risks, which necessitates the use of integrated management mechanisms. Traditional classifications of risks are shown to be limited, as they often fail to consider the dynamic interactions between internal and external factors and the interrelations among core and supporting business processes. The study proposes a risk classification framework structured along the stages of the value chain, allowing for a comprehensive identification of risks within operational, logistical, marketing, financial, personnel, and technological activities. The risks are systematized for both primary activities (inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, customer service) and supporting activities (infrastructure, human resource management, technology development, procurement). A matrix of interconnections between risks is developed, revealing the relationships among them and identifying potential chain effects that influence overall business performance. The findings demonstrate that such a process-based classification enables the integration of risk management into the strategic management system, facilitates the optimization of resource allocation, and enhances the adaptability and resilience of trade enterprises to external changes. The proposed approach not only ensures the systematization of risks but also links them to strategic objectives, contributing to sustainable competitiveness and efficient decision-making in conditions of market turbulence. The results can be practically applied in designing an integrated risk management system for trade enterprises, focusing on prioritization, coordination, and reduction of key risks affecting value creation.