CONTROLLING AND METHODS OF OPERATIONAL PROCESS OPTIMIZATION IN THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF AN ENTERPRISE

Abstract

The article explores current problems and modern methodological approaches to optimizing operational processes of enterprises in a dynamic competitive environment and under conditions of economic instability. It is substantiated that the optimization of operational processes is a key factor in ensuring sustainability, profitability, and long-term competitiveness of business entities. The main obstacles to the implementation of organizational changes are analyzed, including employee resistance, high risks of destabilizing current operations, significant financial costs, and difficulties in measuring the real economic effect. The authors provide a comprehensive review of leading management methodologies: Lean production, Six Sigma, their integrated Lean Six Sigma model, BPMN business process modeling standards, Business Intelligence (BI) analytical systems, cost controlling mechanisms, the Kaizen philosophy of continuous improvement, and flexible Agile approaches. It is proven that individual tools have significant limitations: Lean effectively eliminates waste but insufficiently addresses process variability; Six Sigma ensures high quality but requires substantial investments and is less flexible in terms of speed. The maximum synergistic effect is achieved only through the comprehensive integration of these methodologies. Special attention is paid to practical tools: Value Stream Mapping (VSM), 5S system, Kanban, Poka-Yoke, AS-IS and TO-BE models in BPMN notation, controlling instruments (ABC-analysis, Balanced Scorecard, KPIs, ERP systems), and principles of agile management. The role of digitalization, employee involvement, and organizational culture transformation as essential conditions for successful optimization is emphasized. The conclusions substantiate that the formation of a unified adaptive, process-oriented management model, based on the rational combination of resource optimization, innovation, digital technologies, and human capital, is a fundamental prerequisite for the sustainable development of enterprises in modern conditions.